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An employee accessed a website that caused a device to become infected with invasivemalware. The incident response analyst has:• created the initial evidence log.• disabled the wireless adapter on the device.• interviewed the employee, who was unable to identify the website that was accessed• reviewed the web proxy traffic logs.Which of the following should the analyst do to remediate the infected device?
A. Update the system firmware and reimage the hardware. B. Install an additional malware scanner that will send email alerts to the analyst. C. Configure the system to use a proxy server for Internet access. D. Delete the user profile and restore data from backup.
Answer: A
Explanation: Updating the system firmware and reimaging the hardware is the best action
to perform to remediate the infected device, as it helps to ensure that the device is restored
to a clean and secure state and that any traces of malware are removed. Firmware is a
type of software that controls the low-level functions of a hardware device, such as a
motherboard, hard drive, or network card. Firmware can be updated or flashed to fix bugs,
improve performance, or enhance security. Reimaging is a process of erasing and
restoring the data on a storage device, such as a hard drive or a solid state drive, using an
image file that contains a copy of the operating system, applications, settings, and files.
Reimaging can help to recover from system failures, data corruption, or malware infections.
Updating the system firmware and reimaging the hardware can help to remediate the
infected device by removing any malicious code or configuration changes that may have
been made by the malware, as well as restoring any missing or damaged files or settings
that may have been affected by the malware. This can help to prevent further damage,
data loss, or compromise of the device or the network. The other actions are not as
effective or appropriate as updating the system firmware and reimaging the hardware, as
they do not address the root cause of the infection or ensure that the device is fully cleaned
and secured. Installing an additional malware scanner that will send email alerts to the
analyst may help to detect and remove some types of malware, but it may not be able to
catch all malware variants or remove them completely. It may also create conflicts or
performance issues with other security tools or systems on the device. Configuring the
system to use a proxy server for Internet access may help to filter or monitor some types of
malicious traffic or requests, but it may not prevent or remove malware that has already
infected the device or that uses other methods of communication or propagation. Deleting
the user profile and restoring data from backup may help to recover some data or settings
that may have been affected by the malware, but it may not remove malware that has
infected other parts of the system or that has persisted on the device.
Question # 2
A SOC analyst identifies the following content while examining the output of a debuggercommand over a client-server application:getconnection (database01, "alpha " , "AXTV. 127GdCx94GTd") ;Which of the following is the most likely vulnerability in this system?
A. Lack of input validation B. SQL injection C. Hard-coded credential D. Buffer overflow attacks
Answer: C
Explanation:
The most likely vulnerability in this system is hard-coded credential. Hard-coded credential
is a practice of embedding or storing a username, password, or other sensitive information
in the source code or configuration file of a system or application. Hard-coded credential
can pose a serious security risk, as it can expose the system or application to unauthorized
access, data theft, or compromise if the credential is discovered or leaked by an attacker.
Hard-coded credential can also make it difficult to change or update the credential if
needed, as it may require modifying the code or file and redeploying the system or
application.
Question # 3
A security analyst must preserve a system hard drive that was involved in a litigationrequest Which of the following is the best method to ensure the data on the device is notmodified?
A. Generate a hash value and make a backup image. B. Encrypt the device to ensure confidentiality of the data. C. Protect the device with a complex password. D. Perform a memory scan dump to collect residual data.
Answer: A
Explanation: Generating a hash value and making a backup image is the best method to
ensure the data on the device is not modified, as it creates a verifiable copy of the original
data that can be used for forensic analysis. Encrypting the device, protecting it with a
password, or performing a memory scan dump do not prevent the data from being altered
or deleted. Verified References: CompTIA CySA+ CS0-002 Certification Study Guide, page
3291
Question # 4
During an incident, some loCs of possible ransomware contamination were found in agroup of servers in a segment of the network. Which of the following steps should be takennext?
A. Isolation B. Remediation C. Reimaging D. Preservation
Answer: A
Explanation: Isolation is the first step to take after detecting some indicators of
compromise (IoCs) of possible ransomware contamination. Isolation prevents the
ransomware from spreading to other servers or segments of the network, and allows the
security team to investigate and contain the incident. Isolation can be done by
disconnecting the infected servers from the network, blocking the malicious traffic, or
applying firewall rules12. References: 10 Things You Should Do After a Ransomware Attack, How to Recover from a
Ransomware Attack: A Step-by-Step Guide
Question # 5
Which of the following would eliminate the need for different passwords for a variety orinternal application?
A. CASB B. SSO C. PAM D. MFA
Answer: B
Explanation: Single Sign-On (SSO) allows users to log in with a single ID and password to
access multiple applications. It eliminates the need for different passwords for various
internal applications, streamlining the authentication process.
Question # 6
An analyst wants to ensure that users only leverage web-based software that has beenpre-approved by the organization. Which of the following should be deployed?
A. Blocklisting B. Allowlisting C. Graylisting D. Webhooks
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. Allowlisting. Allowlisting is a technique that allows only pre-approved web-based software to run on a
system or network, while blocking all other software. Allowlisting can help prevent
unauthorized or malicious software from compromising the security of an organization.
Allowlisting can be implemented using various methods, such as application control,
browser extensions, firewall rules, or proxy servers12.
The other options are not the best techniques to ensure that users only leverage webbased
software that has been pre-approved by the organization. Blocklisting (A) is a
technique that blocks specific web-based software from running on a system or network,
while allowing all other software. Blocklisting can be ineffective or inefficient, as it requires
that temporarily rejects or delays incoming messages from unknown or suspicious sources,
until they are verified as legitimate. Graylisting is mainly used for email filtering, not for
web-based software control. Webhooks (D) are a technique that allows web-based
software to send or receive data from other web-based software in real time, based on
certain events or triggers. Webhooks are not related to web-based software control, but
rather to web-based software integration.
Question # 7
An email hosting provider added a new data center with new public IP addresses. Which ofthe following most likely needs to be updated to ensure emails from the new data center donot get blocked by spam filters?
A. DKIM B. SPF C. SMTP D. DMARC
Answer: B
Explanation: SPF (Sender Policy Framework) is a DNS TXT record that lists authorized
sending IP addresses for a given domain. If an email hosting provider added a new data
center with new public IP addresses, the SPF record needs to be updated to include those
new IP addresses, otherwise the emails from the new data center may fail SPF checks and get blocked by spam filters123 References: 1: Use DMARC to validate email, setup steps
2: How to set up SPF, DKIM and DMARC: other mail & hosting providers providers 3: Set
up SPF, DKIM, or DMARC records for my hosting email
Question # 8
A SOC analyst is analyzing traffic on a network and notices an unauthorized scan. Whichof the following types of activities is being observed?
A. Potential precursor to an attack B. Unauthorized peer-to-peer communication C. Rogue device on the network D. System updates
Answer: A
Question # 9
An organization has activated the CSIRT. A security analyst believes a single virtual serverwas compromised and immediately isolated from the network. Which of the followingshould the CSIRT conduct next?
A. Take a snapshot of the compromised server and verify its integrity B. Restore the affected server to remove any malware C. Contact the appropriate government agency to investigate D. Research the malware strain to perform attribution
Answer: A
Explanation: The next action that the CSIRT should conduct after isolating the
compromised server from the network is to take a snapshot of the compromised server and
verify its integrity. Taking a snapshot of the compromised server involves creating an exact
copy or image of the server’s data and state at a specific point in time. Verifying its integrity involves ensuring that the snapshot has not been altered, corrupted, or tampered with
during or after its creation. Taking a snapshot and verifying its integrity can help preserve
and protect any evidence or information related to the incident, as well as prevent any
tampering, contamination, or destruction of evidence.
Question # 10
A security analyst has prepared a vulnerability scan that contains all of the company'sfunctional subnets. During the initial scan, users reported that network printers began toprint pages that contained unreadable text and icons.Which of the following should the analyst do to ensure this behavior does not oocur duringsubsequent vulnerability scans?
A. Perform non-credentialed scans. B. Ignore embedded web server ports. C. Create a tailored scan for the printer subnet. D. Increase the threshold length of the scan timeout.
Answer: C
Explanation: The best way to prevent network printers from printing pages during a
vulnerability scan is to create a tailored scan for the printer subnet that excludes the ports
and services that trigger the printing behavior. The other options are not effective for this
purpose: performing non-credentialed scans may not reduce the impact on the printers;
ignoring embedded web server ports may not cover all the possible ports that cause
printing; increasing the threshold length of the scan timeout may not prevent the printing
from occurring.
References: According to the CompTIA CySA+ Study Guide: Exam CS0-003, 3rd Edition1,
one of the objectives for the exam is to “use appropriate tools and methods to manage,
prioritize and respond to attacks and vulnerabilities”. The book also covers the usage and
syntax of vulnerability scanning tools, such as Nessus, Nmap, and Qualys, in chapter 4.
Specifically, it explains the meaning and function of each component in vulnerability
scanning, such as credentialed vs. non-credentialed scans, port scanning, and scan
scheduling1, pages 149-160. It also discusses the common issues and challenges of
vulnerability scanning, such as network disruptions, false positives, and scan scope1,
pages 161-162. Therefore, this is a reliable source to verify the answer to the question.
Question # 11
Which of the following makes STIX and OpenloC information readable by both humans andmachines?
A. XML B. URL C. OVAL D. TAXII
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. XML.
STIX and OpenloC are two standards for representing and exchanging cyber threat
intelligence (CTI) information. STIX stands for Structured Threat Information Expression
and OpenloC stands for Open Location and Identity Coordinates. Both standards use XML
as the underlying data format to encode the information in a structured and machinereadable
way. XML stands for Extensible Markup Language and it is a widely used
standard for defining and exchanging data on the web. XML uses tags, attributes, and
elements to describe the structure and meaning of the data. XML is also human-readable,
as it uses plain text and follows a hierarchical and nested structure.
XML is not the only format that can be used to make STIX and OpenloC information
readable by both humans and machines, but it is the most common and widely supported
one. Other formats that can be used include JSON, CSV, or PDF, depending on the use
case and the preferences of the information producers and consumers. However, XML has
some advantages over other formats, such as:
XML is more expressive and flexible than JSON or CSV, as it can define complex
data types, schemas, namespaces, and validation rules.
XML is more standardized and interoperable than PDF, as it can be easily parsed,
transformed, validated, and queried by various tools and languages.
XML is more compatible with existing CTI standards and tools than other formats,
as it is the basis for STIX 1.x, TAXII 1.x, MAEC, CybOX, OVAL, and others.
References:
1 Introduction to STIX - GitHub Pages
2 5 Best Threat Intelligence Feeds in 2023 (Free & Paid Tools) - Comparitech
3 What Are STIX/TAXII Standards? - Anomali Resources
4 What is STIX/TAXII? | Cloudflare
5 Sample Use | TAXII Project Documentation - GitHub Pages
6 Trying to retrieve xml data with taxii - Stack Overflow
7 CISA AIS TAXII Server Connection Guide
8 CISA AIS TAXII Server Connection Guide v2.0 | CISA
Question # 12
A security analyst found the following vulnerability on the company’s website:<INPUT TYPE=“IMAGE” SRC=“javascript:alert(‘test’);”>Which of the following should be implemented to prevent this type of attack in the future?
A. Input sanitization B. Output encoding C. Code obfuscation D. Prepared statements
Answer: A
Explanation:
This is a type of web application vulnerability called cross-site scripting (XSS), which allows an attacker to inject malicious code into a web page that is viewed by other users. XSS can
be used to steal cookies, session tokens, credentials, or other sensitive information, or to
perform actions on behalf of the victim.
Input sanitization is a technique that prevents XSS attacks by checking and filtering the
user input before processing it. Input sanitization can remove or encode any characters or
strings that may be interpreted as code by the browser, such as <, >, ", ', or javascript:.
Input sanitization can also validate the input against a predefined format or range of values,
and reject any input that does not match.
Output encoding is a technique that prevents XSS attacks by encoding the output before
sending it to the browser. Output encoding can convert any characters or strings that may
be interpreted as code by the browser into harmless entities, such as <, >, ", ', or
javascript:. Output encoding can also escape any special characters that may have a
different meaning in different contexts, such as , /, or ;.
Code obfuscation is a technique that makes the source code of a web application more
difficult to read and understand by humans. Code obfuscation can use techniques such as
renaming variables and functions, removing comments and whitespace, replacing literals
with expressions, or adding dummy code. Code obfuscation can help protect the
intellectual property and trade secrets of a web application, but it does not prevent XSS
attacks.
Question # 13
A systems administrator receives reports of an internet-accessible Linux server that isrunning very sluggishly. The administrator examines the server, sees a high amount ofmemory utilization, and suspects a DoS attack related to half-open TCP sessionsconsuming memory. Which of the following tools would best help to prove whether thisserver was experiencing this behavior?
A. Nmap B. TCPDump C. SIEM D. EDR
Answer: B
Explanation:
TCPDump is the best tool to prove whether the server was experiencing a DoS attack
related to half-open TCP sessions consuming memory. TCPDump is a command-line tool
that can capture and analyze network traffic, such as TCP, UDP, and ICMP packets.
TCPDump can help the administrator to identify the source and destination of the traffic,
the TCP flags and sequence numbers, the packet size and frequency, and other
information that can indicate a DoS attack. A DoS attack related to half-open TCP sessions
is also known as a SYN flood attack, which is a type of volumetric attack that aims to
exhaust the network bandwidth or resources of the target server by sending a large amount
of TCP SYN requests and ignoring the TCP SYN-ACK responses. This creates a backlog
of half-open connections on the server, which consume memory and CPU resources, and
prevent legitimate connections from being established12. TCPDump can help the
administrator to detect a SYN flood attack by looking for a high number of TCP SYN
packets with different source IP addresses, a low number of TCP SYN-ACK packets, and a
very low number of TCP ACK packets34. References: SYN flood DDoS attack | Cloudflare,
What is a SYN flood attack and how to prevent it? | NETSCOUT, TCPDump - A Powerful
Tool for Network Analysis and Security, How to Detect a SYN Flood Attack with TCPDump
Question # 14
Which of the following is the best action to take after the conclusion of a security incident toimprove incident response in the future?
A. Develop a call tree to inform impacted users B. Schedule a review with all teams to discuss what occurred C. Create an executive summary to update company leadership D. Review regulatory compliance with public relations for official notification
Answer: B
Explanation: One of the best actions to take after the conclusion of a security incident to
improve incident response in the future is to schedule a review with all teams to discuss
what occurred, what went well, what went wrong, and what can be improved. This review is
also known as a lessons learned session or an after-action report. The purpose of this
review is to identify the root causes of the incident, evaluate the effectiveness of the
incident response process, document any gaps or weaknesses in the security controls, and
recommend corrective actions or preventive measures for future incidents. Official
